Rotavirus is one type of virus that causes diarrhea, especially in young children. Infection is caused by group A rotaviruses, which are wheel-shaped viruses. . Rotavirus diarrhea usually lasts from 4 to 6 days, but may last longer and cause intermittent diarrhea in children who have compromised immune systems. Rotavirus infection usually occurs during the winter months. Some children have no symptoms of rotavirus infection while others may have severe vomiting , watery diarrhea, and fever. In some instances, there may also be a cough or runny nose.

Viruses such as rotavirus, adenovirus and calicivirus are the main culprits in gastroenteritis. Infection occurs most commonly with the ingestion of fecal contaminated food or water. Since children in areas with poor sanitation around the world are vulnerable to these viruses, it is estimated that several hundred thousand children under five die worldwide due to complications from gastroenteritis.

The classic symptoms of gastroenteritis begin with severe abdomen pain usually. It is not a constant pain but it is more like cramps which come and go frequently in a rhythmic fashion. It may be excessive pain. Nausea and vomiting is another sign as the body stops accepting any more food until the bacteria or virus is cleared out. Headaches are another symptom that is caused due to the dehydrating effect of the disease. Diarrhea is also a primary symptom and due to excessive diarrhea dehydration is also caused.

Viral causes are the most common of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in children less than 5 years of age, in both developed countries and developing countries. Rotavirus group A (up to 50% of the cases), noroviruses (the most common cause of outbreaks of AGE in all age groups), adenoviruses type 40 and 41, astrovirus, and finally sapovirus.

Symptoms of gastroenteritis include low grade fever, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, weakness, diarrhea, stomach bloating, abdominal cramps, and headache. If the condition is serious, it may involve blood in the stool or in the vomit. Swelling in the abdomen and high fever can also occur. Diarrhea can also lead to dehydration and loss of electrolytes. Dehydration may have symptoms such as excessive thirst, lack of tears, very dry mouth, and little or no urination.

What are the causes of gastroenteritis? Viruses are responsible for the majority of cases of gastroenteritis in children. The commonest virus that causes gastroenteritis being the Rotavirus. It usually causes transient diarrhea and vomiting in children under the age of 5. Viruses are easily transmitted from one person to another by close contact and by consuming food prepared by an infected person.

Vaccines usually administered during childhood. This is because there are diseases that occur before a child reached the age of two. As a parent, you should keep track of your child's immunizations. These records are usually asked when your child goes to school. The latest childhood immunization schedule includes the new rotavirus vaccine (Rota). Rotavirus Vaccine is an oral vaccine to prevent rotavirus gastroenteritis. This vaccine is scheduled at ages 2, 4 and 6 months. Be aware that it is normal for a child to have diarrhea, vomiting or swollen nasal passages after being vaccinated with Rota.

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